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Kuvandudza kuwanikwa kwemishonga yeParkinson munzvimbo dzisina kuchengetedzwa dzeEthiopiya 

 


Ethiopia, nyika yechipiri ine vanhu vakawanda muAfrica, inogara vanhu 120 miriyoni. Nekuda kwekukura kwehupfumi huchangobva kuitika uye nekuvandudzwa kwehutano hwehutano, avhareji yekurarama kwevaEthiopia yakawedzera zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura kusvika kumakore 67.4 (1). Huwandu hwevanhu vachembera pamwe chete nekukurumidza kukura kwevanhu kuchafambisa epidemiologic kuchinja kubva kuchirwere chinotapukira chine hukama nehurombo uye kushaya chikafu chinovaka muviri kuenda kune kuchembera kwakabatana neurodegenerative kusagadzikana. zvakadai sechirwere cheParkinson (PD).  

Kunyange zvazvo kunyanya kuwanda kwePD muEthiopia kusina kunyatsonyorwa, kuongororwa kwemazuva ano kwakafungidzira kuwanda kwePD muSouth Africa yeSahara (SSA) kubva ku7 / 100,000 muEthiopia kusvika ku67 / 100,000 muNigeria (2). Vanyori vanobvuma kuwanda kwakaderera kwePD mudunhu kunogona kunge kuri nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakati wandei, zvinosanganisira underdiagnosis yenyaya dzePD, sezvo dzichinyanya kunzi "kuchembera chaiko." Mashoko asina kudhindwa kubva kuboka rekutsigira varwere vemunharaunda - Parkinson's Patient Support Organisation-Ethiopia (PPSO-E) - yakaratidza kuti kune vanopfuura 1,500 PD varwere vakanyoreswa navo, uye vazhinji vavo vanobva kuguta guru kana matunhu makuru uko vane ruzivo rwakati nani uye zviwanikwa zvekutsvaga kurapwa neurologist.  

Kuwana mushonga wakakosha wekutarisira PD wakaganhurirwa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzisina kuchengetwa dzeEthiopia. Rimwe rematambudziko akanyanya kusakwana kwehutano hwehutano, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzehutano dzisina midziyo uye ma pharmacy ari kure nekumaruwa. Kushaikwa uku, pamwe nekushomeka kwevashandi vehutano vane hunyanzvi, zvinoita kuti zviome kune vanhu vanorarama nePD kuti vawane kuongororwa kwakakodzera, kurapwa nenguva, uye kuenderera mberi nekuchengetedza. Kunze kwezvo, cheni yekugovera mishonga inotarisana nematambudziko akati wandei, anosanganisira kusakwana kugovera network, kusakwana kwenzvimbo dzekuchengetera, uye zvipingamupinyi zvekutonga. 

Kunyange zvazvo rondedzero yeEthiopian Essential Medicines yakadzokororwa yaisanganisira Levodopa-Carbidopa senzira huru yekurapa PD, kuvapo kwemishonga yakakosha yakadaro kunowanzo kusaenderana munyika yose. Kushaikwa uku kunowedzera kuwedzerwa nekudhura kwemishonga yakadai, iyo inoisa mutoro mukuru wemari kuvanhu vazhinji nemhuri, kunyanya avo vanorarama muurombo. Ongororo yekondinendi ye2021 kubva kunyika makumi maviri nesere dzemuAfrica yakaratidza kuti Levodopa-yakavakirwa pamuromo gadziriro yaiwanikwa chete mu28% (kana 46.4) nyika, ine inoshanduka inokwanisika uye isina kana inishuwarenzi yakavharwa muinopfuura hafu yenyika idzodzo (13). Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuwanikwa kwemishonga yakakosha yePD kune kushomeka, uye varwere vanogona kuenda kune imwe nzira, isingashande, kana isina kuchengetedzeka kurapwa nekuda kwekukwanisa kukwereta. 

Kugadzirisa matambudziko ekuendesa mishonga yeParkinson kunzvimbo dzisina kuchengetedzwa dzeEthiopia inoda nzira ine mativi mazhinji, zvinosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvehutano, kuvaka hunyanzvi, uye nzira itsva dzekugovera mishonga nekukwanisa kuitenga. 

  1. Kuvandudzwa kwehutano hwehutano 
    Kuisa mari mukuwedzera nekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvehutano, zvinosanganisira zvipatara, makiriniki, uye mafemasi munzvimbo dzisina kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha mukuwedzera kuwanikwa kwePD kuongororwa uye kurapwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuendeswa kwemakiriniki enharembozha uye masevhisi efoni kuti vasvike kunharaunda dziri kure uko kushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzekurapa. 

  2. Kudzidziswa kwekuvaka kugona 
    Kudzidzisa vashandi vehutano, kusanganisira varapi vese, vanamukoti, uye vashandi vehutano munharaunda mukuona, kuongororwa, uye kutonga kwechirwere cheParkinson kwakakosha mukuvandudza mhedzisiro yevarwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupa inoenderera mberi kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekuita neurology uye PD manejimendi kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatapi vehutano vanogara vachizivana nekufambira mberi kwePD kurapwa uye kutarisirwa. 

  3. Optimization yePD mishonga yekugovera cheni 
    Kusimbaradza cheni dzekutengesa mishonga uye network yekugovera kwakakosha pakuona kuwanikwa kuripo kwemishonga yeParkinson muEthiopia yose. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvandudza zvivako zvekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa maitiro ekugadzirisa, uye kushandisa maitiro ekuparadzira anobudirira achishandisa matekinoroji, kusanganisira huchenjeri hwekugadzira, kuendesa mishonga kunzvimbo dziri kure nekumaruwa panguva yakakodzera.  

  4. Affordability initiatives 
    Kuita matanho ekudzikisa mutengo wemishonga yeParkinson kwakakosha mukuvandudza kugona uye kuwanikwa kwevarwere vanoshaya. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kutaurirana zvibvumirano zvekutenga zvakawanda nemakambani emishonga kuti mitengo ideredze, kupa rubatsiro rwemishonga kuvanhu vanotambira mari shoma, uye kuita zvirongwa zveinishuwarenzi yehutano munharaunda kana zvirongwa zvinotsigirwa nehurumende kubhadhara mutengo wekurapwa kwePD kune vasingazvikwanise. 

Muchidimbu, kuendesa mishonga yeParkinson kunzvimbo dzisina kuchengetedzwa uye dziri kure dzeEthiopia zvinopa matambudziko makuru ane chekuita nekuwanikwa, kuwanikwa, uye kugona. Nekudaro, nekuedza kwakabatana kunosanganisira masangano ehurumende, vanopa hutano, masangano asingabatsiri, uye akazvimirira, zvinokwanisika kukunda matambudziko aya uye nekuvandudza kuwana kwakakosha kurapwa kwePD kune vanoshaya. Nekudyara muzvivakwa zvehutano, kuvaka hunyanzvi, kukwidziridzwa kwekugovera mishonga, uye zvirongwa zvekukwanisa kutenga, Ethiopia inogona kutora matanho ane musoro ekuona kuti vanhu vese vanorarama nechirwere cheParkinson vanowana rubatsiro nerutsigiro rwavanofanirwa.

 

References 

  1. HelpAge International. Kusagadzikana Kwevanhu Vakura muEthiopiya: Nyaya yeOromia, Amhara uye SNNP Dunhu reMatunhu. Addis Ababa: HelpAge International (2013), p. 1–84. 
  2. Chirwere cheParkinson muSub-Saharan Africa: Ongororo yeEpidemiology, Genetics uye Kuwana Kuchengeta. 2020 
  3. Hamid, Eman nevamwe. "Kuvepo kweMarapirwo neMasevhisi eChirwere cheParkinson muAfrica: Ongororo yeContinent-Wide." Matambudziko eMovement: chinyorwa chepamutemo cheMovement Disorder Society vol. 36,10 (2021): 2393-2407. 

 

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