Tsvagiridzo Yeshanduro muAfrica: Hurukuro naMohamad Salama
Shaimaa El-Jafaary, nhengo yeMoving Along Editorial Board, nguva pfupi yadarika akagara pasi kuti abvunzurudzwe naMohamad Salama, MD, PhD, Associate Purofesa paThe American University muCairo, Egypt, kuti vakurukure tsvakiridzo yekushandura uye neuroscience muAfrica.
Shaimaa:
Dr. Mohamed Salama ndiye Purofesa paInstitute of Global Health uye muHuman Ecology muAmerican University of Cairo. Muvambi weEgypt Network yeNeurodegenerative Diseases. Muvambi weEgyptian Genome Project. Mubairo wemibairo yakawanda yechirwere cheParkinson uye muvambi wekudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira nhengo yekomiti inotungamira yeMDS Basic Science Special Interest Group. Isu tinofara uye tinofara nekuvapo kwenyu nesu nhasi, tichitaura nezve kutapurirana uye neuroscience muAfrica uye musiyano uripo pakati peiyo yekutanga sainzi nekiriniki sainzi. Rega nditange nekubvunza, wakafarira sei iyi ndima, yekushandura uye neuroscience?
Dr. Mohamed Salama ndiye Purofesa paInstitute of Global Health uye muHuman Ecology muAmerican University of Cairo. Muvambi weEgypt Network yeNeurodegenerative Diseases. Muvambi weEgyptian Genome Project. Mubairo wemibairo yakawanda yechirwere cheParkinson uye muvambi wekudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira nhengo yekomiti inotungamira yeMDS Basic Science Special Interest Group. Isu tinofara uye tinofara nekuvapo kwenyu nesu nhasi, tichitaura nezve kutapurirana uye neuroscience muAfrica uye musiyano uripo pakati peiyo yekutanga sainzi nekiriniki sainzi. Rega nditange nekubvunza, wakafarira sei iyi ndima, yekushandura uye neuroscience?
Mohamed Salama:
Chekutanga, ndinokutendai nekukoka uye kuda kuita hurukuro iyi neni. Pfungwa iri apa ndeyekuti, nei ndaifarira transnational neuro chirwere chizvarwa. Pakutanga, ndakatanga kuyedza kubatikana nerabhoritari muEurope, kuGermany. Kutaura chokwadi, danho rekutanga ndaitsvaga kushanda seyakakosha neuroscientist, lab man. Asi pandakangopinda murabhoritari, mapurofesa angu ipapo akandibvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete, "Sei uri kutambisa zvidzidzo zvako zvose zvawakambopedza sechiremba? Rimwe remasimba ako nderokuti, iwe uri chiremba, saka sei uchipedza nguva yako yose, kudzidza nekuedza uye zvichingodaro, uye kungotarisa pakutsvakurudza kwekutanga?" Uye akazvigadzirira muenzaniso, nokuti chiremba wake uye panguva ino ari purofesa weNeuroscience uye ane lab inoshanda zvikuru, achishanda nemhando dzemhuka uye tsika dzemasero. Saka akati, "Zvakanaka iwe unogona kuchengeta nzira mbiri. Iwe unogona kuita basa rekuyambuka gap pakati pemasayendisiti ekutanga, nokuti uchaona vazhinji vevatsvakurudzi vedu pano, vachishanda mu laboratori, uye havana ruzivo pamusoro pezviri kuitika mumakiriniki uye kune rumwe rutivi iwe uchawana kune veneurologists vedu vari kushanda muchipatara uye havanzwisisi zvakanyanya nzira huru kana kuti nzira yekuyambuka iyi isingaiti?
Chekutanga, ndinokutendai nekukoka uye kuda kuita hurukuro iyi neni. Pfungwa iri apa ndeyekuti, nei ndaifarira transnational neuro chirwere chizvarwa. Pakutanga, ndakatanga kuyedza kubatikana nerabhoritari muEurope, kuGermany. Kutaura chokwadi, danho rekutanga ndaitsvaga kushanda seyakakosha neuroscientist, lab man. Asi pandakangopinda murabhoritari, mapurofesa angu ipapo akandibvunza mubvunzo mumwe chete, "Sei uri kutambisa zvidzidzo zvako zvose zvawakambopedza sechiremba? Rimwe remasimba ako nderokuti, iwe uri chiremba, saka sei uchipedza nguva yako yose, kudzidza nekuedza uye zvichingodaro, uye kungotarisa pakutsvakurudza kwekutanga?" Uye akazvigadzirira muenzaniso, nokuti chiremba wake uye panguva ino ari purofesa weNeuroscience uye ane lab inoshanda zvikuru, achishanda nemhando dzemhuka uye tsika dzemasero. Saka akati, "Zvakanaka iwe unogona kuchengeta nzira mbiri. Iwe unogona kuita basa rekuyambuka gap pakati pemasayendisiti ekutanga, nokuti uchaona vazhinji vevatsvakurudzi vedu pano, vachishanda mu laboratori, uye havana ruzivo pamusoro pezviri kuitika mumakiriniki uye kune rumwe rutivi iwe uchawana kune veneurologists vedu vari kushanda muchipatara uye havanzwisisi zvakanyanya nzira huru kana kuti nzira yekuyambuka iyi isingaiti?
Saka, ndakatanga kufunga uye imwe pfungwa inokosha yaakandiudza ndeyokuti, "Kana iwe wakaisa pfungwa zvakanyanya pasayenzi inokosha, iwe hauzove wakakwikwidzana kune avo vane masayendisiti akaoma, avo vari kushanda zvakanyanya murabhoritari, uye vane kudzidziswa kwavo kwose semasayendisiti ekutanga. Saka zviri nani kuunganidza pfungwa dzako dzose dzesimba uye uuye nemuenzaniso mutsva." Akanga achigadzira panguva iyoyo dhipatimendi rainzi "Translational Neurodegeneration." Uye ndakaona kuti maererano naye, kunaka kwemapepa, kunaka kwemapurojekiti ekutsvakurudza, nhamba yemari, kana mari yezvipo yaakawana, iri kuwedzera kana kuwedzera, nokuti ari kutarisa pfungwa iyi inokosha, iyo Translational Neurodegeneration. Kwete kunyanya kushanda mulabhu, kwete kunyanya kushanda mukiriniki, asi kuyambuka gaka iri pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi. Uye chakanyanya kukosha, iko zvino kudiwa kusingakwane munzvimbo zhinji, kwete muAfrica chete, asi kwese kwese, unowana uyu munhu asipo, anogona kuyambuka zambuko iri.
Uye ndakafunga, "Sei, sezvo ichiri kushayikwawo muEurope. Zvechokwadi, ichashayikwa muEgypt neAfrica. Ngatidzokere kuEgypt uye titange kushandisa muenzaniso mumwechete wandakabatana muGermany kwechinguva." Aya ndiwo matangiro andakaita kufarira kududzira neuroscience kune neurodegenerative chirwere.
Shaimaa:
Ndinofunga kuti wakatovhara mubvunzo wechipiri, uyo unoti "Unoona sei kusiyana pakati pekutanga uye tsvakurudzo yekliniki muAfrica?"
Mohamed Salama:
Kana isu tichitaura nezve anoshanda neuroscientist muAfrica, uchaona kuti ruzhinji rwuri kushanda mumunda weurology. Saka ivo chaizvoizvo, nyanzvi dzeuropi. Isu hatina huwandu uhwu hwakaoma hwemaNeuroscientist vanofarira kushanda mumunda weNeuroscience, kana basic neuroscience. Hatina kunyanya kufanana neEurope kana America uko tine mapoka makuru maviri. Basic neuroscientists uye neurologists semuenzaniso. Kwete, tine, ngatitii 80% sevana vezveuropiyo uye makumi maviri chete, kana kunyange gumi muzana avo vane hunyanzvi mune neuroscience.
Kana isu tichitaura nezve anoshanda neuroscientist muAfrica, uchaona kuti ruzhinji rwuri kushanda mumunda weurology. Saka ivo chaizvoizvo, nyanzvi dzeuropi. Isu hatina huwandu uhwu hwakaoma hwemaNeuroscientist vanofarira kushanda mumunda weNeuroscience, kana basic neuroscience. Hatina kunyanya kufanana neEurope kana America uko tine mapoka makuru maviri. Basic neuroscientists uye neurologists semuenzaniso. Kwete, tine, ngatitii 80% sevana vezveuropiyo uye makumi maviri chete, kana kunyange gumi muzana avo vane hunyanzvi mune neuroscience.
Nyaya yechipiri pano ndeyokuti ndanga ndichitaura nevakawanda vandinoshanda navo, kana vatsvakurudzi uye pandinotanga kutaura pamusoro pekutsvakurudza kwekushandura kazhinji, vanonzwa kufara zvikuru uye vanoti, "Hongu, zvechokwadi, zvakakosha zvikuru." Zvisinei, paunotanga kuvabvunza, "Iwe unoziva mienzaniso yekutsvakurudza kwekushandura?" havapinduri. Ehe, vanofunga kuti chinhu chitsva, chirango chitsva, asi havazive kuti chii.
Uye nekuti vazhinji vavo havazive kuti chii chinonzi chirevo cheshanduro neuroscience, kana kazhinji, tsvakiridzo yeshanduro, havadi kuswedera kunzvimbo iyi isina kujeka. Iyi ndiyo imwe nyaya huru. Vanofunga kuti ibazi rakasiyana zvachose resainzi. Saka, ndiri kushanda seyakakosha neuroscientist, sei ndiri kuchinja basa rangu? Ndiri kushanda sekiriniki yeurologist, sei ndiri kuchinja basa rangu? Havana kunzwisisa kuti pfungwa ndeyekuti, hausi kuchinja basa rako zvachose, iwe uri kubvuma kushanda nevamwe. Saka, pachinzvimbo chekushanda zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwekiriniki, kana kushanda zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa neuroscience, une chishuwo chekushandira pamwe nevamwe vanobva kwakasiyana dzidziso.
Shaimaa:
Tinogona sei kudzikisa gaka iri pakati pekiriniki uye yekutanga neuroscientist muEgypt uye muAfrica?
Mohamed Salama:
Ini ndinofungidzira chinhu chekutanga kutanga kuunza mativi ese kune izvi, uye isu tinofanirwa kukoka vekutanga neuroscientist kumisangano yezveuropiyo uye kutanga kuunza neurologist kana varapi kumisangano yekutanga neuroscience. Zvakare, kuendesa zvimwe zvikamu zvekuunzwa kweiyi pfungwa yekududzira tsvakiridzo, kududzira neuroscience. Edza kusuma pfungwa kumativi ose. Uye kudonhedza pfungwa yakakosha pano, ndeyekuti hatisi kutanga tsvagiridzo itsva. Hausi kushandura basa rako zvachose; isu tiri kugadzira zvikwata zvakakura. Saka pachinzvimbo chemunhu mumwechete kana vanhu vaviri vanoshanda murabhoritari, aiwa tiri kuunza varapi, nyanzvi dzehungwaru hwekugadzira, geneticist, uye tiri kutanga timu imwe.
Ini ndinofungidzira chinhu chekutanga kutanga kuunza mativi ese kune izvi, uye isu tinofanirwa kukoka vekutanga neuroscientist kumisangano yezveuropiyo uye kutanga kuunza neurologist kana varapi kumisangano yekutanga neuroscience. Zvakare, kuendesa zvimwe zvikamu zvekuunzwa kweiyi pfungwa yekududzira tsvakiridzo, kududzira neuroscience. Edza kusuma pfungwa kumativi ose. Uye kudonhedza pfungwa yakakosha pano, ndeyekuti hatisi kutanga tsvagiridzo itsva. Hausi kushandura basa rako zvachose; isu tiri kugadzira zvikwata zvakakura. Saka pachinzvimbo chemunhu mumwechete kana vanhu vaviri vanoshanda murabhoritari, aiwa tiri kuunza varapi, nyanzvi dzehungwaru hwekugadzira, geneticist, uye tiri kutanga timu imwe.
Saka, iwe ucharamba uchiita chinhu chimwe chete chawakadzidza kuita kwemakore gumi apfuura. Asi isu tiri kubatanidza pamwechete izvo zvidimbu zvepuzzle kuti zvive nemufananidzo wose. Saka izvi ndizvo zvakanyanya kukosha kune, ini handidi kutaura dzidzisa, asi zvirinani wedzera kuziva nezve mashandire azvinoita. Mashandisiro atingaita tsvakiridzo yeshanduro uye panguva iyi, mumwe nemumwe ari kuchengetedza kodzero dzake, mhando yebasa rake, mhando yake yaari kuita, kana manyorerwo aari kuita basa rake.
Shaimaa:
Ichi ndicho chimwe chinangwa cheMDS Basic Science Special Interest Group?
Ichi ndicho chimwe chinangwa cheMDS Basic Science Special Interest Group?
Mohamed Salama:
Hongu, chaizvo. Uye maererano nenhaurirano yapfuura, takafunga kuti zvakakosha kutara kana kusimbisa izvi, ndosaka tiri kutanga kuita misangano yakati wandei uye tiri kuedza kunyange kuronga zvirongwa zvakasiyana mumisangano yepasirese yakasiyana kuti tiwedzere ruzivo pamusoro peizvi. Sezvandakavabvunza pamusangano wapfuura, isu tinewo rimwe dambudziko rekuti hatina huwandu hwakakwana hwevaneuroscientist muAfrica, saka isu tinofanirwa kunzwisisa kana kuongorora mamiriro aripo. Mangani masayendisiti ari kushanda muEgypt, muTunisia, mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica? Tanga kuvaunza kubhodhi uye kuyedza kuvakwezva kana kuita kuti zvinyanye kunakidza kujoinha vamwe vavo vekukiriniki muchinhu chimwe.
Shaimaa:
Iwe unoongorora sei zvivakwa zvekutsvagisa dudziro muEgypt uye muAfrica? Takagadzirira here kana kuti tichiri kushaya zvekushandisa?
Iwe unoongorora sei zvivakwa zvekutsvagisa dudziro muEgypt uye muAfrica? Takagadzirira here kana kuti tichiri kushaya zvekushandisa?
Mohamed Salama:
Handifunge kuti tiri kushaya zviwanikwa maererano nemidziyo kana michina kana kunyange masayendisiti. Zvichida mamwe emhando yepamusoro-tech, asi kazhinji, nyanzvi dziripo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti isu tiri kushaya kunzwisisa kweiyo pfungwa pachayo. Sezvandambotaura, paunotanga kutaura nezve tsvakiridzo yeshanduro, vanofunga kuti inzira yakasiyana zvachose yekutsvagisa, chirango chakasiyana. Kwete, isu tinofanirwa kungosimbisa kuti ipfungwa nyowani yekuti ungaite sei basa rako kuburikidza nekujoinha mapoka makuru. Tiri kupotsa pfungwa iyi. Isu tiri kurasikirwa nechido chekujoinha timu hombe, semuenzaniso. Mumwe nemumwe achati, "Kwete zvakanaka, aiwa ndinosarudza kuramba ndichishanda nechikwata changu, vadyidzani vaviri kana vatatu vanoshanda munzvimbo ino," uye vamwe, nenzira imwechete. Saka tiri kurasikirwa nechido ichi mukuwedzera, mukubatana, mukushanda nedzimwe nyika. Pamwe ndingati, zvakare, neimwe nzira isu tiri kurasikirwa nekuvimba, kuvimba kwakazara kune vamwe vanobatana.
Handifunge kuti tiri kushaya zviwanikwa maererano nemidziyo kana michina kana kunyange masayendisiti. Zvichida mamwe emhando yepamusoro-tech, asi kazhinji, nyanzvi dziripo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti isu tiri kushaya kunzwisisa kweiyo pfungwa pachayo. Sezvandambotaura, paunotanga kutaura nezve tsvakiridzo yeshanduro, vanofunga kuti inzira yakasiyana zvachose yekutsvagisa, chirango chakasiyana. Kwete, isu tinofanirwa kungosimbisa kuti ipfungwa nyowani yekuti ungaite sei basa rako kuburikidza nekujoinha mapoka makuru. Tiri kupotsa pfungwa iyi. Isu tiri kurasikirwa nechido chekujoinha timu hombe, semuenzaniso. Mumwe nemumwe achati, "Kwete zvakanaka, aiwa ndinosarudza kuramba ndichishanda nechikwata changu, vadyidzani vaviri kana vatatu vanoshanda munzvimbo ino," uye vamwe, nenzira imwechete. Saka tiri kurasikirwa nechido ichi mukuwedzera, mukubatana, mukushanda nedzimwe nyika. Pamwe ndingati, zvakare, neimwe nzira isu tiri kurasikirwa nekuvimba, kuvimba kwakazara kune vamwe vanobatana.
Dzimwe nguva ndinotaura nemasayendisiti ekutanga uye vanonzwa, "Zvakanaka, varapi ivavo vanozvikudza zvikuru. Havadi kutiteerera." Kune rumwe rutivi, pandakatanga kutaura nevarapi, vakati, "Zvakanaka, maPHD iwayo anogara achitaura nezvemaitiro uye zviratidzo uye genetics, uye tinonzwa kuti tiri pamusoro." Hatisi kupotsa zvivakwa maererano nemari, mari kana michina. Chimwe chikamu chatiri kushaya chido chekubatana, uye ndinofunga tinofanira kukurudzira izvi mumakore anotevera.
Shaimaa:
Uri kushingaira kuunza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukondinendi, kwete Egypt chete. Ndeapi makoshero ekuva nemubatanidzwa wenyika dzakawanda uyu, uye chii chavari kuunza kwatiri, uye nzira yokushandisa nayo zvakanaka iyi batira pamwe yenyika yose?
Uri kushingaira kuunza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika mukondinendi, kwete Egypt chete. Ndeapi makoshero ekuva nemubatanidzwa wenyika dzakawanda uyu, uye chii chavari kuunza kwatiri, uye nzira yokushandisa nayo zvakanaka iyi batira pamwe yenyika yose?
Mohamed Salama:
Isu tine kutanga kusiyanisa pakati pekubatana kwenyika uye kushandiswa. Nekuti nguva zhinji, unenge uchishuvira kuunza vabatsiri vepasirese uye unonzwa kuti, zvakanaka havasi mushure mekuvaka masimba kana kudyidzana, kwete, ivo vari kungovavarira kuunza mamwe masampuli kubva kuAfrica kondinendi uye ivo vanoita tsvakiridzo yavo kunze kweAfrica, buritsa basa uye wobva wanyora zita rako uye ndizvozvo. Uku hakusi kubatana. Uku hakusi kubatana. Sekuona kwangu, kubatana kunoreva kuti mudiwa wepasi rose, ngatitii vekuEurope kana vekuAmerica, vane chido chekunzwisisa, kunzwisisa zviri nani nezvechirwere chemuAfrica, uye isu semuongorori wemuAfrica tinoda kudzidza zvakawanda nekuwedzera hunyanzvi hwedu hwekuita tsvagiridzo. Panyaya iyi, zvamazvirokwazvo, kungava kubatana kunokosha uye tiri kuzvida. Tirikuda mari yekuti tiwane mari. Tichiri kuda kudzidza zvakawanda muzvinhu zvakasiyana, kunyanya tekinoroji yepamusoro uye tekinoroji yekucheka uye zvichingodaro, uye isu tinoda kutumira masayendisiti eAfrica madiki kuti awane kudzidziswa kwakawanda. Kune vekuEurope kana kumasayendisiti ekuMadokero zvakare, vanofanirwa kudzidza zvakawanda nezvechirwere.
Isu tine kutanga kusiyanisa pakati pekubatana kwenyika uye kushandiswa. Nekuti nguva zhinji, unenge uchishuvira kuunza vabatsiri vepasirese uye unonzwa kuti, zvakanaka havasi mushure mekuvaka masimba kana kudyidzana, kwete, ivo vari kungovavarira kuunza mamwe masampuli kubva kuAfrica kondinendi uye ivo vanoita tsvakiridzo yavo kunze kweAfrica, buritsa basa uye wobva wanyora zita rako uye ndizvozvo. Uku hakusi kubatana. Uku hakusi kubatana. Sekuona kwangu, kubatana kunoreva kuti mudiwa wepasi rose, ngatitii vekuEurope kana vekuAmerica, vane chido chekunzwisisa, kunzwisisa zviri nani nezvechirwere chemuAfrica, uye isu semuongorori wemuAfrica tinoda kudzidza zvakawanda nekuwedzera hunyanzvi hwedu hwekuita tsvagiridzo. Panyaya iyi, zvamazvirokwazvo, kungava kubatana kunokosha uye tiri kuzvida. Tirikuda mari yekuti tiwane mari. Tichiri kuda kudzidza zvakawanda muzvinhu zvakasiyana, kunyanya tekinoroji yepamusoro uye tekinoroji yekucheka uye zvichingodaro, uye isu tinoda kutumira masayendisiti eAfrica madiki kuti awane kudzidziswa kwakawanda. Kune vekuEurope kana kumasayendisiti ekuMadokero zvakare, vanofanirwa kudzidza zvakawanda nezvechirwere.
Ndinoyeuka kuti ndakave nehurukuro makore akawanda apfuura nemumwe nyanzvi muParkinson's disease genetics uye akanga achindiudza kuti, "Zvakanaka, isu takanga tisingazivi zvose nezvechirwere cheParkinson, nokuti tiri kuita basa redu rechikoro muEurope. Tiri kuwana majini matsva uye nzira itsva dzechirwere uye zvitsva zvinokonzera ngozi,. Asi muAfrica, semuenzaniso, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika, zvinoziva nezvehutachiona hwehutachiona hweAfrica uye zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona muAfrica. Chokwadi panofanira kunge paine shanduko kana mutsauko pakati pemajeni echirwere chakasiyana muAfrica nemuEurope, saka vanofanirwa kudzidza zvakawanda nezvezvimwe zvechirwere kuti tive nemufananidzo wese, uye isu tinofanirwa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwedu Kwatiri zvakanyanya kukosha, zvirokwazvo nhamba yekutanga kuvaka hunyanzvi uye nekupa hunyanzvi uye mari Hongu ndinonzwisisa kuti hatigone kuita zvese mukati meAfrica, basa rinodiwa, zvisinei, iwe unofanirwa kutonga kunaka kwekubatana kwakadaro nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwebasa rauri kuita panguva yekuenderera mberi kwegore rekutanga 100% Mugore rechitatu, 50% uye ndizvozvo. Tiri kuenzanisa pakati penyika mbiri." Ichi chinofanira kunge chiri chinangwa chekupedzisira chekubatana kwakadaro.
Shaimaa:
Iwo maonero, ane tariro yeramangwana uye ndinovimba tinogona kumisa izvi munyika chaiyo, nekuti hazvigoneke.
Iwo maonero, ane tariro yeramangwana uye ndinovimba tinogona kumisa izvi munyika chaiyo, nekuti hazvigoneke.
Mohamed Salama:
Hazvigoneki, uye tine muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo muLatin America. Ndinoziva shamwari yangu yepamoyo Agustin Ibañez, akatanga iyo ReDLat. ILatin America consortium yedementia. Zvirokwazvo, vanovimba nehunyanzvi muUnited States, asi nhanho-ne-nhanho, ikozvino, vawedzera hunyanzvi hwavo, vakavandudza mikana yavo yekutsvagisa uye vari kufunga iko zvino kumisa chidzidzo chakaparadzana mukati meLatin America icho chakanyanya kana kushoma pamifananidzo yakaenzana ine instate yakafanana muAmerica. Saka, uyu muenzaniso. Tinogona kudzokorora kumwe kunhu, harisi dambudziko. Ini ndinofungidzira isu tine pfungwa dzakajeka uye isu tine pfungwa dzakanaka vachangobva kudzoka kubva kuEurope. Ivo vane maPHD avo kana mapostdocs, saka wadii kudyara vanhu ivavo?
Hazvigoneki, uye tine muenzaniso wakanaka kwazvo muLatin America. Ndinoziva shamwari yangu yepamoyo Agustin Ibañez, akatanga iyo ReDLat. ILatin America consortium yedementia. Zvirokwazvo, vanovimba nehunyanzvi muUnited States, asi nhanho-ne-nhanho, ikozvino, vawedzera hunyanzvi hwavo, vakavandudza mikana yavo yekutsvagisa uye vari kufunga iko zvino kumisa chidzidzo chakaparadzana mukati meLatin America icho chakanyanya kana kushoma pamifananidzo yakaenzana ine instate yakafanana muAmerica. Saka, uyu muenzaniso. Tinogona kudzokorora kumwe kunhu, harisi dambudziko. Ini ndinofungidzira isu tine pfungwa dzakajeka uye isu tine pfungwa dzakanaka vachangobva kudzoka kubva kuEurope. Ivo vane maPHD avo kana mapostdocs, saka wadii kudyara vanhu ivavo?
Shaimaa:
Hongu, izvozvo zvinokurudzira zvikuru. Ndeapi matambudziko ekubatana kwenyika dzese? Idambudziko here mukutanga kubatana, kana kuita mapurojekiti kubva mukubatana ikoko?
Hongu, izvozvo zvinokurudzira zvikuru. Ndeapi matambudziko ekubatana kwenyika dzese? Idambudziko here mukutanga kubatana, kana kuita mapurojekiti kubva mukubatana ikoko?
Mohamed Salama:
Aiwa, kwete kudzikamisa kubatana, nekuti sezvandinoziva, kune tsika yakakwira pakati pevaEurope nenyika dzekuMadokero ikozvino, kutanga kubatirana neAfrica, kuongorora zvimwe zvisingatarisirwi zvechirwere, saka pane tsika yekutanga kubatana. Vazhinji vesangano rinopa mari vari kutanga zvirongwa zvekupa mari kune vanhu vasina mimiririro, saka mukana wekuwana mari. Dambudziko sezvandambotaura, nderokusiyanisa pakati pekubatana kwechokwadi kwakavakirwa pakubatana kwakaenzana uye mamwe marudzi e, kwete kubatana sezvandakataura, kushandiswa, apo iwe uri kuedza kungowana imwe data kubva kwandiri uye ini handisi mumwe wako.
Kusiyanisa pakati pevakaroorana chaivo uye avo vasiri kutarisa masayendisiti eAfrica semasayendisiti chaiwo. Kana tangoziva avo vanogona chaizvo kutanga mubatanidzwa, avo vanoda chaizvo kutanga chirongwa chekuvaka simba, avo vanofara kuti uri kuwedzera chikamu chako chebasa, uri kuvandudza kugona kwako uye avo vari kukutarisa semasayendisiti chaiwo, kuti rimwe zuva unogona kuita zvese mukati mekondinendi yako uye tobva tatanga kukurukura nekukurukura uye kuyedza kuongorora data pamwe chete. Ndivo vadyidzani chaivo.
Avo ndivo vatinofanira kuisa mari muhukama hwavo. Saka chinonetsa ndechekuziva avo vari vadyidzani chaivo, vesainzi chaivo, masayendisiti chaiwo ekuEurope kana ekuAmerica, vari kutsvaga mubatanidzwa chaiwo kana wakaenzana. Iri ndiro dambudziko guru. Rimwe dambudziko rakakosha zvakare, nderekugonesa zviremera munyika dzakasiyana dzeAfrica kuti kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kubatana kunofanirwa. Kutaura chokwadi, hatigone kuita tsvakiridzo yemhando yepamusoro pasina rubatsiro. Kanenge muchinhano chiripo. Saka, hapana kukuvadzwa nekubatana kusvika isu tine mirau uye nhungamiro uye zvinangwa zvinotonga zvese.
Saka, hapana chakaipa kutanga kubatirana semuenzaniso mupurojekiti hombe ine chekuita nejenetiki, zvine chekuita nenjodzi nenyanzvi dzepasirese kuti vanzwisise uye vadzidze kubva kwavari. Kutungamirirwa kuti zvese zvinotenderwa zviri pamutemo uye zvese zviri pasi pekutonga uye zvese zviri pachena, maprotocol aripo uye isu tine chibvumirano chepamutemo pakati pesangano rakasiyana. Hapana chakaipa kubva pane izvi. Kugonesa zviremera kuti kubatana kwenyika dzese idanho rekuvaka kugona. Pasina danho rekutanga rakadaro, hatingafambire mberi.
Sezvandambotaura, tine matambudziko makuru maviri. Kusiyanisa pakati pehukama hwechokwadi uye husiri hwechokwadi, uye kugutsa zviremera nekukosha kwekudyidzana.
Shaimaa:
Kuenda kuchirongwa chakakosha cheParkinson's disease genetics muAfrica. Ngatitaurei nezve IBDCG Africa: Chii chakakoshera chirongwa ichi kune genetics of Parkinson's muAfrica?
Kuenda kuchirongwa chakakosha cheParkinson's disease genetics muAfrica. Ngatitaurei nezve IBDCG Africa: Chii chakakoshera chirongwa ichi kune genetics of Parkinson's muAfrica?
Mohamed Salama:
Ndinokutendai zvikuru nekuunza izvi kuhurukuro. Sezvatakataura, genetics yechirwere cheParkinson ichiri kudzikiswa. Isu hatizive zvinhu zvakawanda nezve genetics uye akasiyana mapatani eChirwere cheParkinson, uye munyika yatiri kutaura nezve chaiyo uye yakasarudzika mushonga uye hutano hwemunhu uye zvichingodaro, iyi ingave gaka rakakura, boka guru rakashaikwa re data iro richaisa mungozi kugona kwedu kupinda mune chaiyo hutano. Kana isu tisingazive mhando dzevarwere, kana isu tisingazive genetics yevarwere, sei isu tichazopa mazano ega ega ekurapa? IBDGC Africa, International Parkinson's Disease Genomic Consortium African Chapter, chirongwa. A hombe chirongwa zvechokwadi kuvhara nzvimbo iyi. Saka chirongwa ndechekuti, sezvandambotaura, tichatanga chirongwa chekuvaka kugona. Pakutanga, tichaedza kuongorora hunyanzvi huripo muAfrica yese.
Avo vanoda kushandira pamwe mumubatanidzwa uyu, ndinofungidzira kuti ikozvino tiri kutaura nezve nyika gumi kana gumi neimwe dzemuAfrica dzinoda kushandira pamwe. Nhanho-ne-nhanho, chinangwa chekupedzisira cheBDGC Africa ndechekuti vese veAfrica nyanzvi dzetsinga dzinoshanda munzvimbo yeParkinson's Disease vari kushanda nesimba munzvimbo iyi, vanogona kuita tsvakiridzo mukati meAfrica. Kuti tinozopedzisira tave nekunzwisisa kwese kwemajini echirwere cheParkinson mukati meAfrica.
Zvirokwazvo, tichava nezviitwa zvakati. Mamwe acho kudzidziswa uye kumwe kudzidzira uye kumwe kuyanana, uye zvechokwadi mamwe mabasa e genotyping uye ongororo. Asi chinhu chakanaka nezve IBDGC Africa ndechekuti isu tinovavarira kuti basa rakawanda rinoitwa kare neveAfrica masayendisiti, varapi, vanogona geneticists, neuroscientists, data analyst uye zvino ndinofungidzira kuti tiri kutanga kupa zvimwe zvingangove zvirongwa zvekuvaka kugona uye zviitiko uye kuyanana sezvandakataura. Saka, iyi ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekutanga nayo. Ndinofungidzira IBDGC Africa ipuratifomu yakanaka kwazvo kupa muenzaniso wezvinorehwa nekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika. Tiri kushanda pamwe chete nevadyidzani vepasi rose, vadyidzani vekuEurope asi mukuvaka hunyanzvi, munguva yekuvandudza zvatinokwanisa, tinovimba kuti panopera makore mashanu, tave nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwemajeneric eChirwere cheParkinson muAfrica, mukuwedzera kune kugona kwepamusoro kwemasaenzi eAfrica kuita zvidzidzo zvakafanana munyika dzavo, pakupera kwemakore mashanu.
Chinhu chakanyanya, chakasimba, chakasimba. Ndinovimba, ichabudirira kuunza African neurologists uye neuroscientists uye geneticists pamwechete. Ndinovimba kuti pakupera taizotaura kuti ikozvino tave kugona kuita tsvakiridzo yedu mukati mekondinendi yeAfrica.
Shaimaa:
Izvi zvinotiendesa kuEgypt genome project. Chii chakashamisa nezve genome yeEgipita yega?
Izvi zvinotiendesa kuEgypt genome project. Chii chakashamisa nezve genome yeEgipita yega?
Mohamed Salama:
Ndinoda izvi, asi kutanga ndinofanira kutaura kuti ndiri mumwe wevabatsiri, kana mumwe weavo vakanga vachishanda pakutsvakurudza kwekutanga, uye ikozvino ndiri kuenderera mberi neprojekti yenyika yereferensi gene. Hapana chinhu chakajairika munguva yekuti tine majini akasimba, kana isu tine majini ari nani kana akaipisisa majini, kwete. Asi nyaya iri pano ndeyekuti huwandu hwega hwega hunofanirwa kuve neboka remhando dzakasiyana dzinovasiyanisa kubva kune vamwe. Uye ndosaka, semuenzaniso, iwe uchaona kuti dzimwe njodzi dzemajini dzakakwira, semuenzaniso chirwere cheParkinson pane dzimwe nyika, uye unozviwana kwese kwese. Majini anokonzera chirwere cheParkinson kuChina akasiyana, akasiyana neAmerica, akasiyana neNorth Africa nezvimwe zvakadaro. Pfungwa iri pano, ndeyokuti tisati taziva majini echirwere, tinofanirwa kuona maitiro akajairika ejeni. Uye iyi ireferensi genome.
Ndinoda izvi, asi kutanga ndinofanira kutaura kuti ndiri mumwe wevabatsiri, kana mumwe weavo vakanga vachishanda pakutsvakurudza kwekutanga, uye ikozvino ndiri kuenderera mberi neprojekti yenyika yereferensi gene. Hapana chinhu chakajairika munguva yekuti tine majini akasimba, kana isu tine majini ari nani kana akaipisisa majini, kwete. Asi nyaya iri pano ndeyekuti huwandu hwega hwega hunofanirwa kuve neboka remhando dzakasiyana dzinovasiyanisa kubva kune vamwe. Uye ndosaka, semuenzaniso, iwe uchaona kuti dzimwe njodzi dzemajini dzakakwira, semuenzaniso chirwere cheParkinson pane dzimwe nyika, uye unozviwana kwese kwese. Majini anokonzera chirwere cheParkinson kuChina akasiyana, akasiyana neAmerica, akasiyana neNorth Africa nezvimwe zvakadaro. Pfungwa iri pano, ndeyokuti tisati taziva majini echirwere, tinofanirwa kuona maitiro akajairika ejeni. Uye iyi ireferensi genome.
Pakutanga yaifungidzirwa kuti, "Zvakanaka, tichava nereferensi yemunhu genome, uye izvi zvichafukidza zvose." Uye ipapo nhanho-ne-nhanho geneticists yakatanga kunzwisisa kuti kwete, haizovhara zvese. Iyo referensi genome yakavakirwa pamadzitateguru eEurope, neimwe nzira yakasiyana nereferenzi genome fomu North Africa semuenzaniso. KuSouth Africa, zvichingodaro. Uye ndosaka nyika dzakasiyana pasi rese dziri kutanga kutanga kana kuunganidza yavo referensi genome. Iri ndiro danho rekutanga kuti utange kuongorora data raunaro kubva kune tambo dzevarwere vako, kuona njodzi dzemajini, kana majini ane chekuita neizvi.
Chekutanga, tinofanira kuziva yedu yakajairika maitiro emajini, seti yedu yezvakajairwa zvakasiyana uye tobva rati "Zvakanaka, isu tinogona ikozvino kuenzanisa genetics yevarwere neyakajairwa akasiyana uye kuyedza kusefa uye kuyedza kuona zvinogona kuitika zvepathogenic mutsauko. Uye ichi hachisi chinhu chitsva, sezvandambotaura, saka isu tine nyika dzakasiyana, saka kunyangwe Middle East yakatanga chirongwa chavo. Dzidzo yepamusoro uye Academy yeScientific Research, tinotarisira kuti tichawedzera nhamba iyi yezvidzidzo zvakatorwa uye zvechokwadi tichava nechivimbo chakawanda mune data rakasimba iro tinogona kupedzisira tataura kuti tine referensi yeEgypt genome inofananidzwa, semuenzaniso kuUnited States, iyo genome yakavakwa pa100,000 yeEgypt.
Uye kune avo vanga vachishanda mune genetics muchirwere kwemakore, isu takanga tichishaya chinhu chakadaro. Isu takatarisana nematambudziko, tichiedza kuverengera data ratakaita zvidzidzo kana zvidzidzo zvakafanana. Zvino, ndinofungidzira isu tine danho rekutanga uye pakupedzwa kwechirongwa ichi, tichava neruzivo rwuri nani pamhando dzakasiyana dzine njodzi dzezvirwere zvakasiyana muEgypt, uye izvi zvinogona kubatsira munharaunda yeMiddle East.
Shaimaa:
Tichitaura nezve Middle East ne Africa, isu tine iyi pfungwa yekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwekuchembera uye isu tinofanirwa kutanga kufunga nezve pfungwa yekuchembera inoshanda uye nzira yekusimudzira kuchembera kune hutano muAfrica nekuMiddle East. Tinoziva kuti watsika wakananga kuchirongwa ichi chekuchembera. Ndokumbira utarise kusimudzira kuchembera muAfrica?
Mohamed Salama:
Sezvawataura, kwemakore ichi chaivewo chikamu chisipo muAfrica uye kunyange Middle East, nekuti isu taionekwa sevanhu vechidiki, saka tarisiro yehupenyu yakanga isina kukwirira seEurope semuenzaniso, saka kushushikana kwehuwandu hwekuchembera uye mabatiro avanoita munzanga uye zvichingodaro. Takafunga kuti tine zvimwe zvakawanda zvatinokoshesa. Iye zvino tave kuenda kune nzira yekuve neimwe nzira vanhu vakura, ikozvino tarisiro yehupenyu iri kuwedzera. Takatogadzirira here? Sezvo mhinduro iri nyore yaizova, "Kwete, zvirokwazvo kwete." Sei? Nekuti isu hatizive, isu hatizive zvese nezve mamiriro azvino. Zvekare, hatisi kudzorerazve vhiri. Ichi chinhu chakamboitwa munyika dzakasiyana. Tine kudzidza kwekuchembera muAmerica, muUK, muIreland neEurope zvichingodaro. Saka wadii kutanga chidzidzo chekuchembera muEgypt uye kunyangwe kuMiddle East?
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ndakatanga danho rakadaro, ndichitaura nezvekutanga, kana kutanga mutyairi wendege kuti ndinzwisise maitiro ekuchembera muEgypt. Ndiri kuedza kutevera izvi kuburikidza ne [inaudible 00:31:37] kudzidza kwemakore gumi. Uye zvino zvinobudirira, tine mari yekutanga, mari yakanaka kwazvo kubva kuDRD tichibatana neEuropean longitudinal study, iyo inonzi CHAIR. Saka, tichatanga chirongwa chekuvaka simba. Sezvandambotaura, zvidzidzo zvakadaro hazvigone kuitwa kuburikidza nevanodyidzana nenyika. Basa remudiwa wepasi rese kutanga kuvaka kugona. Saka mari yatakawana kubva kuDRD kuti tibatane naCHAIR, kungotanga kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwedu hwekuita longitudinal study mukati meEgypt.
Uye kwete mukati meEgypt chete, takaidana kuti EMH, inova Eastern Mediterranean Aging Study. Tariro iri pano ndeyekuti tichatanga kubatana pakati peEgypt, Lebanon neJorodhani kuti tinzwisise zviri nani mamiriro ezvinhu aripo, hunyanzvi, vangangove vanobatana, vangangove vatambi nevatsvaguri. Uye zvino, tinovimba tichawiriranisa, kana kuronga zviitiko pakati penyika nhatu kutanga kana kutanga zvidzidzo zvenguva refu munyika nhatu idzi. Chinangwa ndechekudzidza huwandu hwevanhu vakwegura kubva pamakore makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu, pamusoro pemakore gumi. Makore maviri ega ega, tichava nefungu rimwe chete, rinoongorora kufambira mberi kwehuwandu hwekuchembera. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati penyu pawaive muzera re50 ne60 ne50 zvichingodaro. Tichaongorora zvekiriniki kuburikidza nemibvunzo yezvemagariro nehupfumi uye huwandu hwevanhu. Tichaedza kuva nemasamples ezvidzidzo zvebio-markers, genetics uye zvese. Uye sezvandataura, tichamisa mapatani ezvidzidzo zveHRS muNyika, kuUK neGermany, zvirokwazvo, nekuti ikozvino takatarisana nechirongwa ichi chekuvaka kugona.
Tine tarisiro, pakupera kwechirongwa chekuvaka masimba, isu tine zvinogoneka, uye isu tinewo kufarira kune dzimwe nyika, saka sei kwete panzvimbo yekutanga neEgypt neLebanon neJoridhani chete, wadii kuisa dzimwe nyika muNorth Africa neMiddle East? Wadii kubatanidza dzimwe nyika muAfrica uye zvichingodaro? Uku ndiko kutanga kwekutanga. 2021 ndiko kutanga kwechirongwa chakadaro. Ndinovimba pakupera kwa2022, takagadzirira kutanga chidzidzo chekuchembera chaicho muEgypt.
Shaimaa:
Ndinoda kukubvunza mibvunzo yako pachako. Mutevedzeri wako ndiani?
Mohamed Salama:
Ngationei. Yakachinja, maererano nezera rako, saka ndinorangarira pandakatanga PHD yangu, ndinofungidzira kuti tsvakurudzo dzose dzeEgipita dzine muenzaniso, Ahmed Zeweil semuenzaniso. Zvechokwadi musayendisiti akangwara. Akawana mubairo weNobel uye ane chiono chakanaka. Zvirokwazvo uyu akanga ari iye. Asi kana wakura, unotanga kuonga kuti tine mienzaniso yakanaka kwazvo mukati meEgypt, yakatanga kushanda vachiri kugara muno muEgypt.
Vanotanga kurwa votarisana nedambudziko. Kwandiri, semuenzaniso, ndine muenzaniso wakasiyana, Dr. Mohammed Sobh. Ndiye muvambi weMedical Research Center muMansoura University. Ndakarangarira kuti sei achinzi mutevedzeri, nekuti akaramba achishanda ari mukati meEgypt, kuMansoura, kuDelta. Pane mamiriro asina kunaka uye anotanga kufunga, ane chiratidzo, uye ini ndinoda murume ane chiratidzo. Ndiye chiremba ane hunyanzvi. Iye akabudirira kwazvo munyika yake yekiriniki, zvisinei, anotaura kuti sei kwete, muchikoro chemishonga, nei isu tisina basic research lab? Tadii kutanga kukurudzira varapi kuti vashande neimwe nzira, kuti vape imwe yenguva yavo imomo.
Uye panguva yaakatanga kutaura pamusoro peizvi, vazhinji vevadzidzisi vakamuona seanopenga uye neimwe nzira akanyanya-kuda chinzvimbo, asi pane imwe nguva, akatanga nzvimbo. Zvechokwadi, pakutanga, yakanga isiri nzvimbo inoremekedzwa zvikuru yekutsvakurudza, asi ikozvino iri kuvandudza nekuvandudza mukurumbira wepasi rose wekudyidzana, kuwana mari. Izvi ndizvo zvandaifarira pamukomana uyu, kuti aive nechiratidzo uye akanetseka, uye akarwa kwakawanda kusvika azadzisa chiratidzo chake.
Uye mushure mekusiya basa kana kusiya nzvimbo yekutsvagisa, chiratidzo chake chiri kuenderera mberi. Hope dzake dziri kukura, saka izvi ndizvo zvandaifarira paari. Uyu anogona kunge ari mumwe wemienzaniso yangu zvechokwadi. Chekupedzisira, wekupedzisira wandaizotaura semuenzaniso ndiBrian Lawler. Brian aive chipangamazano wangu muGlobal Brain House Institute, uye chinhu chinonyanya kukosha paari tsitsi. Anobatsira zvikuru, ane mwero zvikuru. Ndinofungidzira kuti ndiye muenzaniso wangu kubva pane zvetsika. Anogara aripo kuti akubatsire, uye haumbonzwa kuti ndiye purofesa ane mukurumbira uye anoremekedzwa zvikuru. Ndiye muvambi wechipatara cheSt. James kuIreland, saka ndiye chiremba wepfungwa uye musayendisiti anoremekedzwa zvikuru.
Zvisinei, paunotanga kutaura naye, anoita seshamwari yekare chaizvo yawagara uchiziva kwemakore akawanda. Ane mwero zvikuru, uye anonzwira tsitsi, sezvandataura. Dzimwe nguva paunotanga kutaura nezvomumwe munhu akwegura, kana kuti vaya vanogara mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka, unonzwa sokuti ava kuzochema.
Shaimaa:
Ndine mibvunzo miviri yakakosha. Chimwe chazvo chiri pamusoro pechiitwa chako, uye ungawana sei chiyero ichi pakati pehupenyu hwako hunoshanda mukutsvaga uye hupenyu hwako pachako? Iwe unowana sei nguva yemhuri yako? Unogona sei kuwana chiyero ichi?
Ndine mibvunzo miviri yakakosha. Chimwe chazvo chiri pamusoro pechiitwa chako, uye ungawana sei chiyero ichi pakati pehupenyu hwako hunoshanda mukutsvaga uye hupenyu hwako pachako? Iwe unowana sei nguva yemhuri yako? Unogona sei kuwana chiyero ichi?
Mohamed Salama:
Kwete. Ndine hurombo kutaura, handina kuwana chiyero ichi. Handikwanise kutaura kuti ndiri kuwana chiyero ichi, nekuti chokwadi, ndiri kutora kubva kumhuri zuva rese. Nyangwe ndichigara mumba sekutaura kuri kuita mwanakomana wangu, ndiri kushanda palaptop yangu, asi ndinofungidzira, chinhu chakanaka pamusoro peizvi mukadzi anonzwisisa. Mudzimai wangu anogona kunzwisisa kukosha kwezvandiri kuita. Anogara achindisundidzira, uye kazhinji unonzwa uine chivimbo. Zvakanaka ari kukutsigira uye zvese zvakanaka mumba, saka unogona kutanga kutarisa pabasa rako. Saka, ndinofungidzira ichi ndicho chakavanzika, asi kwete, chokwadi handina kuwana chiyero ichi.
Shaimaa:
Chekupedzisira, nderipi zano rako kune chizvarwa chidiki chevarapi uye masayendisiti ekutanga?
Mohamed Salama:
Zvakanaka, kutanga kune ese marudzi emasayendisiti kana avo vari kushanda musainzi, kurota. Uye hope dzakakwirira. Iwe une zvaunogona. Ikozvino zviri nyore, ndine urombo kutaura, asi ikozvino kunyangwe internet uye kuburikidza neakasiyana emahara makosi uye kunyangwe iwe unogona kutumira email uye kugamuchira mhinduro mukati memaminetsi mashoma, saka iwe unowedzera kuwana. Iwe une mikana iri nani uye ndinoyeuka pandakanga ndiri mudzidzi wezvokurapa, tinonzwisisa kuti iyo chete inobva kune ruzivo ibhuku, asi ikozvino iwe semudzidzi, unogona kuenda kuPubMed uye kutsvaga uye iwe unogona kutopikisa purofesa wako uye uchiti, "Kwete iwe uri kukanganisa. Ndakaverenga munguva pfupi yapfuura bepa idzva, ndichiti x, Y, kana Z, hazvina kufanana nezvauri kutaura." Saka iyi ndiyo pfungwa. Saka sei usiri kurota zvakanyanya?
Zvakanaka, kutanga kune ese marudzi emasayendisiti kana avo vari kushanda musainzi, kurota. Uye hope dzakakwirira. Iwe une zvaunogona. Ikozvino zviri nyore, ndine urombo kutaura, asi ikozvino kunyangwe internet uye kuburikidza neakasiyana emahara makosi uye kunyangwe iwe unogona kutumira email uye kugamuchira mhinduro mukati memaminetsi mashoma, saka iwe unowedzera kuwana. Iwe une mikana iri nani uye ndinoyeuka pandakanga ndiri mudzidzi wezvokurapa, tinonzwisisa kuti iyo chete inobva kune ruzivo ibhuku, asi ikozvino iwe semudzidzi, unogona kuenda kuPubMed uye kutsvaga uye iwe unogona kutopikisa purofesa wako uye uchiti, "Kwete iwe uri kukanganisa. Ndakaverenga munguva pfupi yapfuura bepa idzva, ndichiti x, Y, kana Z, hazvina kufanana nezvauri kutaura." Saka iyi ndiyo pfungwa. Saka sei usiri kurota zvakanyanya?
Kune varapi, ini ndinoona kuti nguva pfupi yadarika vadzidzi vazhinji vezvokurapa kana vakapedza kudzidza mune zvekurapa vari kunakidzwa nemuenzaniso wekushanda murabhoritari kana kuita tsvakiridzo yekutanga. Zano rangu nderekutarisa basa rako semurapi. Hapana chakaipa kunzwisisa. Iko hakuna kukuvadza chokwadi kuwana kudzidziswa mumaLab uye kunyange kuziva maitiro ekuita zviedzo. Asi usambofa wakasiya simba rako. Iwe uri murapi. Une kudzidziswa kwakanaka. Wanga uchidyara nguva yakawanda nemari uye kushanda nesimba kwemakore manomwe, uchidzidza nezvechirwere nevarwere uye zvichingodaro, saka usarasikirwa nehukama uhwu hwechiremba-murwere.
Kana iwe uchida kuita tsvagiridzo kana tsvakiridzo yekutanga, unogona kutora iyi MDPHD modhi uye uine ruzivo murabhoritari, asi usambosiya rutsigiro rwako rwekiriniki. Kuva chiremba, chiremba. Asi kune vesainzi, zvirokwazvo unofanira kuenda kunze kweEgipita kwechinguva. Kwete nekusingaperi, asi zvirinani iwe unowana kudzidziswa, iwe unosangana neiyo yekucheka ruzivo ruzivo uye tekinoroji wobva wafunga kana iwe uchida kudzoka uye kuisa mari zvawakadzidza munyika yako kana kuti unoenderera mberi negwara rako.
Zvakaoma uye zvakaoma zvakanyanya parizvino, kuenderera mberi netsvakiridzo yako sesaenzi pasina kubuda kunze kweEgypt kwechinguva. Usamboti "Zvakanaka tine zvose." Aiwa, hatina zvose pano. Unofanira kutendeka. Unofanira kudzidza zvakawanda. Uye isu tinoda chaizvo avo vari kuenda kunze kwenyika uye kudzidza zvakawanda vozodzokera kunyika yavo. Ndiyo muenzaniso wakanakisa. Asi zvirokwazvo iwe unofanirwa kuve nemukana wekudzidza zvakawanda uye kuona nyika. Kune masayendisiti ekutanga, zvirokwazvo une nguva yekuenda kuEurope, kuAmerica, kuJapan, kudzidza zvakawanda, uye wozofunga. Kune varapi, usambokanganwa kuti uri murapi, wakaropafadzwa kuve munhu ane hukama hwechiremba-murwere. Iwe unoziva zvirinani nezve zvinodiwa nemurwere, saka usambofa wakasiya chikamu chebasa rako.
Shaimaa:
Ndatenda nekuongorora chiteshi chiripo, matambudziko, nemikana yeramangwana. Ndinokutendai nezano renyu kuchizvarwa chechidiki, mazano enyu ekushanda pamwe chete nekutanga pfungwa, uye nekuedza kwenyu nesimba kuita tsvakiridzo idzi dzose uye nekuisa pfungwa idzi dzichangokura. Zvaifadza kutarisa pane izvi kuedza muEgypt uye muAfrica. Ndokutenda zvikuru.
Ndatenda nekuongorora chiteshi chiripo, matambudziko, nemikana yeramangwana. Ndinokutendai nezano renyu kuchizvarwa chechidiki, mazano enyu ekushanda pamwe chete nekutanga pfungwa, uye nekuedza kwenyu nesimba kuita tsvakiridzo idzi dzose uye nekuisa pfungwa idzi dzichangokura. Zvaifadza kutarisa pane izvi kuedza muEgypt uye muAfrica. Ndokutenda zvikuru.
Mohamed Salama:
Ndatenda. Mufaro ndewangu.