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International Parkinson uye Movement Disorder Society

        BHUKU 29, CHIKAMU 4 • ZVITA 2025. 

Uchenjeri hwekugadzira uye kutarisira murwere: Chakavanzika chiri mukutarisira murwere 

"Chakavanzika chekutarisira murwere chiri mukutarisira murwere" - Dr. Peabody 

Kune munhu asingatarisiri varwere zvakananga, munda we radiology unoita sewagadzirira kutsiviwa nemunhu neAI. Pamusoro pezvose, kudzokorora, kuziva maitiro, uye kuongorora kwakajeka kwegoridhe ndizvo zvinotsanangura munda uyu. PaMusangano weKudzidza neMusika weUngwaru we2016 muToronto, musayendisiti wemakombiyuta ane mukurumbira uye akahwina mubairo weTuring Award Geoffrey Hinton, PhD, akazivisa nemukurumbira kuti nyanzvi ye radiology yakafanana ne "mhungu" isina kuziva kuti "hapana pasi payo" uye kuti "tinofanira kurega kudzidzisa vanachiremba ve radiology izvozvi, zviri pachena chose.." kusvika pakuseka kwevateereri ivavo.1 Makore angangoita gumi gare gare, kudiwa kwevanachiremba veX-ray kwakapfuura kuwanikwa kwevanopa. Radiology ndeimwe yenyanzvi dzinobhadhara zvakanyanya muUSA ine nhamba yepamusoro yenzvimbo dzekugara dziripo muna 2025. Izvi, kunyangwe hazvo inenge 80% yemidziyo yese yekurapa inotenderwa neFDA inotenderwa neAI yakarongwa pasi peradiology.2, 3 Kururama pabvunzo murabhoritari kucharamba kuri chiyero chisina kukwana chekutarisira varwere vane hungwaru uye vanonzwira tsitsi. Sezvo AI ichichinja, zvingangoita kuti basa renyanzvi ye radiation richashanduka kuva "nyanzvi dzeruzivo" dzekubatanidza nekududzira ruzivo rwakaoma kubva kuzviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekiriniki nemifananidzo kuti vavandudze kururama kwekuongorora uye kutungamira kurapwa.4 Muenzaniso we radiology unoshanda sechidzidzo kune vamwe vese vezvekurapa neavo vari kutsvaga kuivandudza. 

Pave nekuchinja kusinganyatso tsanangurwa asi kwakajeka muhurukuro pamusoro pebasa reAI mukurapa. Pfungwa dzekuti vanachiremba vanotsiva AI dzinotsiviwa nehurukuro pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwesystem yekuwedzera kutarisirwa kwevarwere. Nemamwe mashoko, kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zvekurega vanachiremba vave vanachirembaMuna 2025, ruzivo rwemurwere nachiremba uye hukama hwavo, pamwe nemhando yehutano hwakabuda zvakatorwa nemabasa ekutarisira kusanganisira mamodules asina mweya, matambudziko ehunyanzvi (rufu nekudzvanya chiuru), zvinodiwa pamagwaro, rutsigiro rwakakwana rwekiriniki nefoni nemameseji, uye kudiwa kwemvumo yeinishuwarenzi yemiedzo yakatenderwa uye mishonga yekurapa.5 Kushandiswa kweAI kuri kuongororwa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Tekinoroji yekunyora iri munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana inokwanisa kunyora hurukuro dzechiremba nemurwere mukiriniki, zvichibvumira vanachiremba kuti vatarise varwere nezvavanoda, vasina hanya nemagwaro panguva imwe chete. Nekubvumira kutaurirana kwachiremba nemurwere kuti kusavhiringidzwe, zvinogona kuvandudza kukosha kwekuongorora nekurapa kwekushanya.6 Vanyori ava vakaratidzwa kuti vanobatsira kuderedza kuneta.7 Saizvozvowo, AI inogona kubatsira nekunyora magwaro ekurapwa kwevarwere vari muchipatara8, kuvandudzwa kwekugoverwa kwezviwanikwa nekutaura nezvehunhu hwezvinhu panguva shoma uye mutengo9, vabatsiri vepamhepo vezviyeuchidzo zvemishonga nehurongwa hwenguva, uye kurwisa kuramba kusina hunhu nemakambani einishuwarenzi ane tsamba dzekuti zvinodiwa pakurapwa.10 Kushandiswa zvinobudirira kwemamodeli eAI akakodzera kunogona kuitwa nekuvandudza mashandiro emari padanho rebhizinesi.11 Saka, Kufungidzira nekunyora (AI) kunogona kubatsira kuisa murwere pakati pekutarisira kwake.  

Tinofanira kurangarira dzimwe nheyo. Kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva uye kupinda kwaro mubasa rezuva nezuva kuburikidza nemutemo kunofanirwa kuenderana nebasa. Pamusoro pezvo, zvakakosha zvikuru kuti tisarega AI ichikonzera "hyposkilia" panguva yekudzidziswa uye mukurapa. AI chishandiso mukushanduka-shanduka icho zvinosuwisa kuti chakatambura nekushamiswa kwakanyanya neavo vasina mukana wekutarisira varwere. Izvi zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa. Panguva imwe chete, inomiririra indasitiri yematriyoni emadhora ine simba guru.12 Kana AI ikashandiswa zvine hungwaru uye pasina kusava nechokwadi, inogona kubatsira pakuwana zvinozivikanwa. Zvakakosha kuti vanachiremba nevarwere vatore basa rakakosha mukuvandudza nekuongorora hunyanzvi hwekurapa (AI) kuti vatungamire kutarisirwa kwakanaka kwekiriniki.13  

Verenga bepa

 

References 

  1. Geoff Hinton: Pamusoro peRadiology. YouTube: Creative Destruction Lab. https://youtu.be/2HMPRXstSvQ?si=U0Pse9TV2JAg9h1q. 
  2. Mousa D. AI haasi kutsiva vanachiremba veX-ray. https://www.understandingai.org/p/ai-isnt-replacing-radiologists?utm_campaign=post&utm_medium=web. 2025 Gumiguru 1, 2025. 
  3. Kutungamira UFD. Midziyo Yekurapa Inogoneswa Nehungwaru Hwekugadzira. 2025 [Gumiguru 20, 2025]; Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/software-medical-device-samd/artificial-intelligence-enabled-medical-devices. 
  4. Jha S, Topol EJ. Kujaira Unyanzvi Hwekugadzira: Nyanzvi dzeRadiology nePathologists seNyanzvi dzeRuzivo. Jama. 2016 Zvita 13;316(22):2353-4. 
  5. Mahajan A, Lees AJ. "Muchina Uchakuona Iye Zvino": Maonero eChiremba pa "Ungwaru" Hwekugadzira Mukurapa Kwekiriniki. Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2025 Chivabvu;12(5):588-91. 
  6. Stokel-Walker C. Zvishandiso zve "ambient scribe" zvinoteerera uye zvinopfupikisa mazano ako kubva kuna chiremba kusvika kumurwere. BMJ. 2025;389:r663. 
  7. Olson KD, Meeker D, Troup M, nevamwe. Kushandiswa kweAmbient AI Scribes kuderedza mutoro wehutungamiriri uye kuneta kwehunyanzvi. JAMA Netw Open. 2025 Gumiguru 1;8(10):e2534976. 
  8. Williams CYK, Subramanian CR, Ali SS, nevamwe. Pfupiso dzeKubuda Muchipatara Zvakagadzirwa neChiremba neMutauro Mukuru. JAMA Intern Med. 2025 Chikunguru 1;185(7):818-25. 
  9. Boussina A, Krishnamoorthy R, Quintero K, nevamwe. Mhando dzeMitauro Mikuru dzeKushuma Zvinobudirira Zviyero zveHutano hweChipatara. Nejm ai. 2024 Gumiguru 24;1(11). 
  10. Deik A. Mabhenefiti Anogona Kuvapo Nenjodzi Dzekubatanidza ChatGPT kuMovement Disorders Clinic. J Mov Disord. 2023 Chivabvu;16(2):158-62. 
  11. Klang E, Apakama D, Abbott EE, et al. Nzira yekushandisa mutauro mukuru nenzira isingadhuri pahutano. NPJ Digit Med. 2024 Mbudzi 18;7(1):320. 
  12. Angus DC, Khera R, Lieu T, nevamwe. AI, Hutano, uye Kutarisirwa Kwehutano Nhasi uye Mangwana: Mushumo weJAMA Summit pamusoro peUngwaru Hwekugadzira. JAMA. 2025. 
  13. L. Kudzoreredza kutarisirwa munguva yeAI. The Lancet. 2025;406(10512):1535. 

 

 

 

 

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