Enda kune Zviri Mukati
 
International Parkinson uye Movement Disorder Society

        VHURUMENDE 30, NYAYA 1 • Kurume 2026.  Nyaya yakazara »

Madomasi nechirwere cheParkinson: Fungidziro yekare yakadzokororwazve

Muna 1989, Jacob Sage akataura kuti madomasi anogona kukonzera chirwere cheParkinson (PD) [1]. Panguva iyoyo, fungidziro yake yainyanya kushanda semufananidzo unoratidza matambudziko ekuziva zvinokonzera PD. Mupepa redu 2], tinokurukura kuti nei fungidziro iyi ingave isina kunyanya kutaurwa kupfuura zvaifungwa pakutanga.

Zvikuru, humbowo hunobatanidza kusangana nezvipembenene nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene nechikonzero chePD huri kuwedzera nekukurumidza [3, 4]. Zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirwere zvakawana hukama pakati pePD nemimwe mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, izvo zvinotsigirwawo nezvidzidzo zvepamberi pekiriniki [5-7]. Kunyange hazvo zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatarisana nekusangana nehutachiona pabasa, humbowo huri kubuda hunoratidza kuti vanhu vanogara pedyo neminda yekurima kana kudya zvigadzirwa zvakarapwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene vanogona kusanganawo nenjodzi [8, 9].

Zvinofadza kuti, zvimwe zvezvipembenene izvi zvinoshandiswawo mukurima madomasi. Kuti tinzwisise nezvehuwandu hwezvipembenene zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira madomasi, takaongorora data rekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kubva kuCalifornia - nyika inonyanya kugadzira madomasi [10]. Takaona kuti mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamatomasi yakambobatanidzwa nePD (Tafura 1). Uyezve, kuwanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa mumakore apfuura kunomutsa kunetseka nezvekuwedzera kana kutobatana kwezvirwere zvepfungwa, uko migumisiro yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene yakawanda inogona kuwedzera kukuvadza kwetsinga [11, 12]. Pamusoro pezvo, nyika dzine kukura kwakanyanya mukurima madomasi, kusanganisira China, India, neUnited States, dzinewo kuwanda kwePD, izvo zvinoratidza kuti madomasi akasvibiswa anogona kunge ari kubatsira mukukura kwePD pasi rose.

Tinobvuma zvizere kuti humbowo huri mupepa redu hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuti fungidziro yedu inoramba iri yekufungidzira. Kunyange tisingataure kuti madomasi - kana kuti mishonga inoshandiswa pairi - ndiyo inokonzera PD, tinotenda kuti kushandiswa kuri kuwedzera kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene mukurima uye migumisiro yayo (yakaunganidzwa) yechepfu muuropi inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya. Zvakakosha kutarisa zvakadzama mitemo yemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene iripo uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi, iyo inowanzo funga nezvemhedzisiro yenguva refu yechepfu muuropi yemakemikari ega ega, uye kunyanya mhedzisiro yakabatanidzwa yemakemikari akawanda [13]. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana inofanira kutarisa panjodzi chaiyo, kusanganisira kuongororwa kwenjodzi kwakakwana, nekutarisa zvakanyanya pakudyidzana pakati penjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira mukana wekuwedzera uye chepfu yekubatana. Zvakawanikwa zvinogona kubatsira kuzivisa matanho ekudzivirira anodiwa zvakanyanya kuderedza mutoro uri kukura wePD pasi rese.

Tafura 1: Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonyanya kushandiswa pamatomatisi muCalifornia yese nemapaundi akashandiswa (2010–2020).

Pesticide Yakabatana nePD [14–20] Kemikari kirasi Mamiriro ekuita
Trifluralin Ehe Dinitroaniline Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Metam-sodium Ehe Dithiocarbamate Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Chlorothalonil Ehe Aromati ine polychlorine Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Sulfur Ehe Chalcogen Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Glyphosate, munyu we isopropylamine Ehe Phosphonoglycine Systemic
Glyphosate, munyu wepotassium   Phosphonoglycine Systemic
kaolin   Aluminosilicate Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate   Dithiocarbamate Zvisiri zvehurongwa
S-metolachlor   Chloroacetanilide Systemic
Chloropicrin Ehe Halonitroalkane Systemic
1,3-Dichloropropene Ehe Organochlorine Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Metolachlor   Chloroacetanilide Systemic
Imidacloprid   Neonicotinoid Systemic
Mancozeb Ehe Dithiocarbamate Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Carbaryl Ehe Carbamate Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Hydroxide yemhangura Ehe Inorganic compound Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Dimethoate Ehe Organophosphate Systemic
Pendimethalin Ehe Dinitroaniline Zvisiri zvehurongwa
Methyl bromide Ehe Organobromine Systemic
Diazinon Ehe Organophosphate Systemic
ari Ethephon Ehe Organophosphate Systemic
Chlorine   halogen Zvisiri zvehurongwa

Mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inonyanya kushandiswa pamatomatisi nepaundi yechinhu chinoshanda chinoshandiswa gore rega rega kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2020. Chitubu: California's Pesticide Use Report (PUR) database [10]. Pamishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene yega yega, zvinoratidzwa kana yakambobatanidzwa nechirwere cheParkinson (PD), pamwe chete nekirasi yayo yemakemikari uye kana iri yemuviri kana kuti isiri yemuviri.

 

References 

  1. Sage JI. Madomasi nechirwere cheParkinson. Med Hypotheses. 1989;28(2):75-9. 
  2. Bogers JS, Paul KC, Dorsey ER, Bloem BR. Madomasi nechirwere cheParkinson - fungidziro yekare yakadzokororwa. Fungidziro dzezvekurapa. 2026;206. 
  3. Atterling Brolin K, Schaeffer E, Kuri A, Rumrich IK, Schumacher Schuh AF, Darweesh SKL, nevamwe. Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Njodzi Dzenharaunda yeParkinson's Disease: Ongororo Yakakosha uye Migumisiro Yemutemo. Mov Disord. 2025;40(2):204-21. 
  4. Su D, Cui Y, He C, Yin P, Bai R, Zhu J, nevamwe. Kufungidzira kwekupararira kwechirwere cheParkinson nezvinhu zvinochikonzera munyika 195 nenzvimbo kusvika 2050: ongororo yekuongorora Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMJ. 2025;388:e080952. 
  5. Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Hoppin JA, Goldman SM, Korell M, nevamwe. Rotenone, paraquat, uye chirwere cheParkinson. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):866-72. 
  6. Kab S, Spinosi J, Chaperon L, Dugravot A, Singh-Manoux A, Moisan F, nevamwe. Mabasa ekurima uye kuwanda kwechirwere cheParkinson muvanhu vazhinji vekuFrance. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(3):203-16. 
  7. Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G, Garcia-Osuna M, Panov AV, Greenamyre JT. Kugara uchibatwa nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene kunoratidza zviratidzo zvechirwere cheParkinson. Nat Neurosci. 2000;3(12):1301-6. 
  8. Darweesh SKL, Vermeulen R, Bloem BR, Peters S. Kusangana Nemishonga Inouraya Zvipembenene Kunofanotaura Hunhu Hwechirwere cheParkinson: Zvinokonzera Hutano Hweveruzhinji. Mov Disord. 2022;37(5):883-5. 
  9. Krzyzanowski B, Mullan AF, Dorsey ER, Chirag SS, Turcano P, Camerucci E, nevamwe. Kuswedera pedyo nenzvimbo dzegorofu uye njodzi yechirwere cheParkinson. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(5):e259198. 
  10. Dhipatimendi reCalifornia remutemo wemishonga inouraya zvipembenene (CDPR). Ruzivo rweMushumo weKushandiswa kweMishonga inouraya zvipembenene (PUR) Ruzivo rwunowanikwa kubva: https://www.cdpr.ca.gov/pesticide-use-in-california/. 
  11. Paul KC, Krolewski RC, Lucumi Moreno E, Blank J, Holton KM, Ahfeldt T, nevamwe. Chidziviriro chemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye iPSC dopaminergic neuron chinoona uye chinoisa muzvikamu mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoenderana neParkinson. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):2803. 
  12. Braun G, Herberth G, Krauss M, Konig M, Wojtysiak N, Zenclussen AC, nevamwe. Migumisiro yemusanganiswa une chepfu muuropi yemakemikari anotorwa muropa revakadzi vane pamuviri. Science. 2024;386(6719):301-9. 
  13. Bloem BR, Boonstra TA. Kusakwana kwemitemo yemishonga inouraya zvipembenene pari zvino yekudzivirira hutano hwehuropi: nyaya yeglyphosate nechirwere cheParkinson. Lancet Planet Health. 2023;7(12):e948-e9. 
  14. Kamel F, Tanner C, Umbach D, Hoppin J, Alavanja M, Blair A, nevamwe. Kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye kuzvitaurira chirwere cheParkinson muongororo yehutano hwekurima. Am J Epidemiol. 2007;165(4):364-74. 
  15. Shrestha S, Parks CG, Umbach DM, Richards-Barber M, Hofmann JN, Chen H, nevamwe. Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye kupararira kwechirwere cheParkinson muboka revarimi nevakaroorana navo. Environ Res. 2020;191:110186. 
  16. Rhodes SL, Fitzmaurice AG, Cockburn M, Bronstein JM, Sinsheimer JS, Ritz B. Mishonga inouraya zvipembenene inodzivirira ubiquitin-proteasome system: mhedzisiro yekuyera shanduko nekusiyana kwemajini muSKP1 muchirwere cheParkinson. Environ Res. 2013;126:1-8. 
  17. Brouwer M, Huss A, van der Mark M, Nijssen PCG, Mulleners WM, Sas AMG, nevamwe. Kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene munzvimbo dzakatikomberedza uye njodzi yechirwere cheParkinson muNetherlands. Environ Int. 2017;107:100-10. 
  18. Gatto NM, Cockburn M, Bronstein J, Manthripragada AD, Ritz B. Kushandiswa kwemvura yemutsime uye chirwere cheParkinson mumaruwa eCalifornia. Environ Health Perspect. 2009;117(12):1912-8. 
  19. Narayan S, Liew Z, Paul K, Lee PC, Sinsheimer JS, Bronstein JM, nevamwe. Kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inonzi organophosphorus mumba uye chirwere cheParkinson. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42(5):1476-85. 
  20. Manthripragada AD, Costello S, Cockburn MG, Bronstein JM, Ritz B. Paraoxonase 1, kuratidzwa kwe organophosphate mune zvekurima, uye chirwere cheParkinson. Epidemiology. 2010;21(1):87-94. 

 

 

Read more Kufamba Pamwe Chete:

Nyaya yakazara    matura oruzivo